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ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™

ืžืื– ื”ืงืžืชื• ื”ืคืš ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืจืื•ืช ืœื’ื•ืจื ื™ื“ืข ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืžืงื™ืคื” ืœืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืขืกืง ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™, ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ื‘ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื“ื”-ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืจืื•ืช ืขื‘ื“ ืขื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืชืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืื•ืคืง ืคืขื•ืœื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ืฉื™ืขื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™.

ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื

ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื

ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ื ืกื” ื›-60 ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื ืก ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื

ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืžืžืกื“ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื— ื”ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™

ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืžืžืกื“ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื— ื”ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™

ื’ืœืื™ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืžืก' 14

ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ืกื‘ื‘ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘

ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ืกื‘ื‘ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘

ื’ืœืื™ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ 13

ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช

ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช

ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™

ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื›ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ: ืœืงืจืืช ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ

ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื›ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ: ืœืงืจืืช ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ

ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ 2

ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžื—ืื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ (ื—ืœืง 1/3): ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื”

ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžื—ืื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ (ื—ืœืง 1/3): ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื”

ืชืงืฆื™ืจ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกืžืš ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™

ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™

ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ

ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื“ื•ืžื”-ื™ืจื•ืงื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”-ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืคื™ืกืชื™ืช

ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื“ื•ืžื”-ื™ืจื•ืงื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”-ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืคื™ืกืชื™ืช

ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื–ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ - ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™: ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ - ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™: ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื’ืจืกื” ื‘' ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืžืš: ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื•ืžืก

ื”ืชืคื ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืืก

ื”ืชืคื ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืืก

ืžื” ื ืฉืชื ื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช

ื˜ื”ืจืืŸ ืžืฉืคืจืช ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ

ื˜ื”ืจืืŸ ืžืฉืคืจืช ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ

ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื—ื›ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื›ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ - ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 1

ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื: ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ

ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื: ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ

ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืจืื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ 87

ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืคืจื•-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช: ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืกื‘ืš ื”ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ื—

ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืคืจื•-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช: ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืกื‘ืš ื”ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ื—

ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืจืื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ 86 - ื”ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”

ืืชื’ืจ ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื (Intersectionality) ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘: ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื?

ืืชื’ืจ ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื (Intersectionality) ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘: ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื?

ืชืงืฆื™ืจ ืžืกืžืš ืžืืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืื ืœืงื•ืจื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019)

ื”'ืจืžื™ืกื”' ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ื— ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘

ื”'ืจืžื™ืกื”' ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ื— ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘

ื’ืœืื™ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ 15

ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ื—ืžืืก ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ: ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื—ืจื•ืฅ ืื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช

ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื•ืžืก ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘

ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื•ืžืก ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘

ื–ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช? ื ื™ื™ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื'

ื™ื—ืกื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื: ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ

ื™ื—ืกื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื: ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ

ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืจืื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ 88

ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื›ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ

ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื›ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ

ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืžื•ื ื™ื” ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ืช

ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ื”-ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”: ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืคืจื•-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช

ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ื”-ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”: ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืคืจื•-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช

ืžืกืžืš ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช

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